Section 1: List Functor and Monad

List is one of the most fundamental Functors and Monads. It is a container for handling multiple values, enabling function application and chained computations via map and flatMap (also called bind).

• Functor: You can apply a function to each element of a List (map).
• Monad: You can chain computations by flattening multiple Lists (flatMap).

A List can be seen as an ordered version of a Set, reflecting the concept of a collection with order.